Cognitive Control and Internal Strategies in Aging

Control processes can be considered a cognitive resource that supports efficient memory functioning. They are primarily involved in the strategic aspects of memory. In the present study, we aimed to examine the role of both control processes and strategy use in the memory performance of older adults. More specifically, we sought to determine whether the influence of control processes on memory performance is better explained by a mediation or a moderation model involving strategy use. To precisely determine whether this relationship is better explained by a mediator or a moderator model, we used the precision and robustness of Bayesian process modeling to better understand these effects. We tested over 92 participants with cognitive control tasks (Stroop, 2-back), a metamemory questionnaire (MIA), and an episodic recall task. Bayesian analyses indicated that the mediation model provided the best fit to explain the contribution of internal strategy use to the relationship between control processes and memory performance. These findings suggest that control strategy use constitutes a key functional component linking cognitive control to memory outcomes. Overall, the results highlight the importance of cognitive control in supporting effective memory strategy use and suggest that interventions targeting cognitive control may help improve memory performance in aging populations.