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Urinary catheterization

Urinary catheterization has been studied in 9 papers since 2016: 9 observational studies in people. The newest paper, Sep 8, 2025: “Identifying Risk Factors for Delirium Through Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Older Adults Receiving Palliative Cancer Care”.

Exposure

9 papers study it3 findingsUpdated

MeSH

See all 9 papers on urinary catheterization

At a glance

The findings reach people, from one lab or study. 2 independent labs in 2 countries.

“non-removal of the urinary catheter (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12-1.88) and large number of daily medications (4-10 HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.78-2.79, >10 HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.38-3.54) were associated with mortality.”
Decreased glomerular filtration rate estimated by 2009 CKD-EPI equation predicts mortality in older hip fracture populationInjury2016doi:10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.028

None of its findings points the other way.

Humans: a single group. Cells, worms or flies and mice: nothing yet.

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

  • 2 independent labs in 2 countries
  • Funders: Etelä-Pohjanmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri and 2 more
  • Humans9

What is urinary catheterization linked with?

3

Studies link urinary catheterization with 3 measures, most often delirium (1 study), double incontinence (1) and mortality (1).

Delirium

upin humans1OR 2.97

1 study

  1. Urinary catheterization is linked with a higher risk of delirium in humans (older adults receiving palliative cancer care in hospital) (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.09-8.13).

    “Risk factors for delirium were dysphagia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.01-5.99; p = 0.045), urinary catheterization (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.09-8.13; p = 0.029)”

    Humansolder adults receiving palliative cancer care in hospitaln = 105

    Identifying Risk Factors for Delirium Through Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Older Adults Receiving Palliative Cancer Care

    Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)

More on Delirium

Double incontinence

upin humans1OR 2.33

1 study

  1. Urinary catheterization is associated with double incontinence in humans (6 months post-hip fracture) (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.31-4.14).

    “late removal of urinary catheter (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.31-4.14), impaired mobility (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.05-4.15), and poor nutrition (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.11-4.79) associated with DI”

    Humans6 months post-hip fracturefemales

    Factors associated with urinary and double incontinence in a geriatric post-hip fracture assessment in older women

    Aging clinical and experimental research

More on Double incontinence

Mortality

upin humans1HR 1.45

1 study

  1. Urinary catheterization is associated with mortality in humans (hip fracture) (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12-1.88).

    “non-removal of the urinary catheter (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12-1.88) and large number of daily medications (4-10 HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.78-2.79, >10 HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.38-3.54) were associated with mortality.”

    Humanship fracturen = 1,425

    Decreased glomerular filtration rate estimated by 2009 CKD-EPI equation predicts mortality in older hip fracture population

    Injury

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