Proton-pump inhibitors

Intervention5 papers6 findingsMeSH D054328

A human cohort links proton-pump inhibitors to higher chronic kidney disease risk than tegoprazan. A human study links them to non-exudative macular degeneration but not exudative progression in affected patients; another reports lower handgrip strength and slower gait in crude analyses.

C · W · M · H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

3 independent labs in 3 countries

Funders: Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and 8 more3 of 6 findings with company ties

Humans4

Outcomes

Exudative age-related macular degeneration

no changein humans1

1 study

Proton-pump inhibitors have no effect on exudative age-related macular degeneration in humans (sHR 1.03, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.26).
Humansamong those with non-exudative AMD
Sustained proton-pump inhibitor exposure and incident age-related macular degeneration: a new-user, population-based cohort study · BMJ open ophthalmology · 23 Sep 2026

Exudative age-related macular degeneration →

Gait speed

downin humans1

1 study

Proton-pump inhibitors impair gait speed in humans (3.7 s vs. 3.5 s).
Humanscrude analysisn = 616
Association Between Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Population-Based Analysis · Journal of digestive diseases · 1 Sep 2026

Handgrip strength

downin humans1

1 study

Proton-pump inhibitors decrease handgrip strength in humans (27.6 kg vs. 30.1 kg).
Humanscrude analysisn = 616
Association Between Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Population-Based Analysis · Journal of digestive diseases · 1 Sep 2026

Associations

Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration

upin humans1

1 study

Proton-pump inhibitors raise the risk of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration in humans (sHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.44).
Humans≥2 years cumulative use within 3 years
Sustained proton-pump inhibitor exposure and incident age-related macular degeneration: a new-user, population-based cohort study · BMJ open ophthalmology · 23 Sep 2026

Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration →

Age-related macular degeneration

upin humans1

1 study

Proton-pump inhibitors raise the risk of age-related macular degeneration in humans (sHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.38).
Humans≥2 years cumulative use within 3 years
Sustained proton-pump inhibitor exposure and incident age-related macular degeneration: a new-user, population-based cohort study · BMJ open ophthalmology · 23 Sep 2026

Age-related macular degeneration →

Chronic kidney disease

upin humans1HR 1.22

1 study

Proton-pump inhibitors raise the risk of chronic kidney disease in humans (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09-1.37).
Humanscompared with tegoprazan initiation in propensity score-matched cohort
CKD risk with tegoprazan versus proton pump inhibitors · Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 4 Sep 2026

Chronic kidney disease →