P4
P4 has been studied in 1 paper since 2023: none in people yet, 1 in animals. The research so far is in animals. The newest paper, May 30, 2023: “Muscle Protein Synthesis with a Hybrid Dairy and Plant-Based Protein Blend (P4) Is Equal to Whey Protein in a Murine Ageing Model after Fasting”.
1 paper studies it3 findingsUpdated
None of its findings points the other way.
- 1 lab in 1 country
- Funders: DANONE and 3 more
- 3 of 3 findings with company ties
- Animals1
What did studies of P4 find?
3Studies of P4 measured 3 outcomes; the most studied are blood amino acid levels (1 study), intramuscular leucine (1) and Muscle protein synthesis (1).
Blood amino acid levels
upin mice1
1 study
Blood amino acid levels
upin mice1
P4 increases blood amino acid levels in mice (10 min postprandial, compared with fasted control).
“Ten minutes postprandial, DBS showed significantly increased blood AA levels of BCAAs, histidine, lysine, threonine, arginine, and tyrosine for P4 versus fasted.”
Animals10 min postprandial, compared with fasted controlhybrid blend of whey, casein, pea and soy protein isolates10 min
Nutrients
Intramuscular leucine
downin mice1
1 study
Intramuscular leucine
downin mice1
P4 decreases intramuscular leucine in mice (compared with whey) (0.71 vs 0.97 μmol∙g dry weight−1).
“Intramuscular leucine levels were lower for P4 (0.71 μmol∙g dry weight−1) compared to whey (0.97 μmol∙g dry weight−1) (p = 0.0007).”
Animalscompared with wheyhybrid blend of whey, casein, pea and soy protein isolatesskeletal muscle
Nutrients
Muscle protein synthesis
upin mice1
1 study
Muscle protein synthesis
upin mice1
P4 increases muscle protein synthesis in mice after overnight fasting, compared with fasted control (1.5-fold vs fasted).
“MPS was 1.6-fold increased with whey (p = 0.006) and 1.5-fold with P4 compared to fasted (p = 0.008)”
Animalsafter overnight fasting, compared with fasted controlhybrid blend of whey, casein, pea and soy protein isolatesskeletal muscle
Nutrients