Music training

1. Music training decreases inhibition percentage in humans.

   “However, when controlling for background EMG activity, musicians had a lower inhibition percentage than non-musicians.”

   Humanswhen controlling for background EMG activity

   Differences in motor inhibition in young and older musicians and non-musicians at rest

   Frontiers in aging neuroscience·Sep 8, 2023

1. Music training prevents cognitive decline in humans.

   “music training could prevent age-related cognitive decline”

   Humans

   The effect of music intervention on cognitive aging: from the view of EEG microstates

   Research Square·May 4, 2023Preprint

1. Music training decreases age-related decline in microstate D duration in humans.

   “music training had a mitigating effect on this change”

   Humans

   The effect of music intervention on cognitive aging: from the view of EEG microstates

   Research Square·May 4, 2023Preprint

More on Age-related decline in microstate D duration

1. Music training decreases gradient compression in humans.

   “we found a mitigating effect of music training on gradient compression”

   Humanscomparing older control and musicians

   Functional gradients in prefrontal regions and somatomotor networks reflect the effect of music training experience on cognitive aging

   Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·Mar 8, 2023

1. Music training is associated with ventral caudate activation in humans.

   “Older musicians exhibited the same activation in the ventral caudate and primary sensory regions as younger musicians”

   Humansduring pleasant music listening

   Compensatory Mechanisms in Prefrontal and Reward Systems Reveal Delayed Brain Aging in Musicians

   Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Sep 28, 2025

More on Ventral caudate activation

1. Music training predicts verbal memory in humans.

   “Among instrumental musicians, number of years in formal training and current number of hours playing per week predicted scores on verbal memory.”

   Humansamong instrumental musicians

   Music experience predicts episodic memory performance in older adult instrumental musicians

   Brain and cognition·Jun 3, 2022

1. Music training predicts cognitive function in humans.

   “Results suggested that belonging to the musician group predicted scores on executive functioning, language, and visual spatial ability.”

   Humans

   Music experience predicts episodic memory performance in older adult instrumental musicians

   Brain and cognition·Jun 3, 2022