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Long-term in vitro culture

Exposure

1 paper3 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

  • 1 lab
  • Cells1

Outcomes

3

Th1-type cytokine secretion

downin human cells1

1 study

  1. Long-term in vitro culture decreases Th1-type cytokine secretion in human cells.

    “macrophages at days 14 and 21 displayed a markedly restricted cytokine profile, retaining the secretion of cytokines but significantly downregulating the secretion of Th1-type cytokines”

    Cellsin response to LPS at days 14 and 21 of culture

    A long-term culture model for investigating senescence-associated dysregulation in macrophages

    Frontiers in immunology2 Oct 2025

More on Th1-type cytokine secretion

Proinflammatory CD14+/CD64+/TLR2+ macrophage populations

upin human cells1

1 study

  1. Long-term in vitro culture induces proinflammatory CD14+/CD64+/TLR2+ macrophage populations in human cells.

    “shifting from anti-inflammatory CD163+/CD206+ profiles to proinflammatory CD14+/CD64+/TLR2+ populations”

    Cellsin monocyte-derived macrophages over 21 days of culture

    A long-term culture model for investigating senescence-associated dysregulation in macrophages

    Frontiers in immunology2 Oct 2025

Cellular senescence

upin human cells1

1 study

  1. Long-term in vitro culture increases cellular senescence in human cells.

    “While macrophages at day 7 exhibited minimal expression of β-galactosidase, H2AXpS139, and CDKN2A (p16INK4a), these markers were significantly upregulated at days 14 and 21”

    Cellsin monocyte-derived macrophages at days 14 and 21 of culture

    A long-term culture model for investigating senescence-associated dysregulation in macrophages

    Frontiers in immunology2 Oct 2025

More on Cellular senescence

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