Ketone monoester

1. Ketone monoester decreases glutamate in humans.

   “decreasing GABA, glutamate, and glutamine levels in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).”

   Human trialposterior cingulate cortex

   Ketosis Elevates Antioxidants and Enhances Neural Function Through Improved Bioenergetics: A 1 H MR Spectroscopy Study

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·Oct 22, 2024Preprint

More on Glutamate

1. Ketone monoester increases antioxidant activity in humans.

   “Ketone monoester administration, but not glucose, significantly elevated cerebral antioxidants”

   Human trialposterior cingulate cortex

   Ketosis Elevates Antioxidants and Enhances Neural Function Through Improved Bioenergetics: A 1 H MR Spectroscopy Study

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·Oct 22, 2024Preprint

More on Antioxidant activity

1. Ketone monoester increases energy markers in humans.

   “Ketone monoester administration, but not glucose, significantly elevated cerebral antioxidants and energy markers”

   Human trialposterior cingulate cortex

   Ketosis Elevates Antioxidants and Enhances Neural Function Through Improved Bioenergetics: A 1 H MR Spectroscopy Study

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·Oct 22, 2024Preprint

More on Energy markers