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Calisthenics

Calisthenics has been studied in 5 papers since 2018: 1 trial and 4 observational studies in people. The newest paper, Jan 2, 2025: “Effect of Calisthenics on Sleep Quality and Well-Being Among Older Adults”.

Intervention

5 papers study it5 findingsUpdated

“The mean was 4.26, S.D. was 1.7207, and in the control group, the mean was 8.23, S.D. was 2.4166, and the t-value was 7.3234. P-value was 0.00001 < 0.05”
Effect of Calisthenics on Sleep Quality and Well-Being Among Older AdultsCureus2025doi:10.7759/cureus.76821

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

  • 3 independent labs in 2 countries
  • Funders: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and 7 more
  • Human trial1
  • Humans4

What did studies of Calisthenics find?

2

Studies of Calisthenics measured 2 outcomes; the most studied are well-being (1 study) and sleep quality (1).

Well-being

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Calisthenics improve well-being in humans (mean 129 vs 110.3, p = 0.00001).

    “The mean was 129, S.D. was 13.3209, and in the control group, the mean was 110.3, S.D. was 8.065, the t-value was -6.5773, and the p-value was 0.00001 < 0.05”

    Human trialn = 60

    Effect of Calisthenics on Sleep Quality and Well-Being Among Older Adults

    Cureus

Sleep quality

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Calisthenics improve sleep quality in humans (mean 4.26 vs 8.23, p = 0.00001).

    “The mean was 4.26, S.D. was 1.7207, and in the control group, the mean was 8.23, S.D. was 2.4166, and the t-value was 7.3234. P-value was 0.00001 < 0.05”

    Human trialn = 60

    Effect of Calisthenics on Sleep Quality and Well-Being Among Older Adults

    Cureus

What is Calisthenics linked with?

3

Studies link Calisthenics with 3 measures, most often dementia (1 study), functional disability (1) and Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (1).

Dementia

downin humans1HR 0.81

1 study

  1. Calisthenics lower the risk of dementia in humans (HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.93)).

    “Decreases in the hazard ratio for dementia were also observed in the Radio-Taiso only (0.82 [0.68-0.9998]) and Other Taiso only groups (0.81 [0.70-0.93]).”

    Humansadjusting for covariates5.3 yearsn = 11,219

    Taiso practice and risk of functional disability and dementia among older adults in Japan: The JAGES cohort study

    SSM - population health

More on Dementia

Functional disability

downin humans1HR 0.87

1 study

  1. Calisthenics lower the risk of functional disability in humans (HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.96)).

    “Compared with the no-practice group, the Other Taiso only group showed a notably decreased risk of all functional disability (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.87 [0.78-0.96]).”

    Humansadjusting for covariates5.3 yearsn = 11,219

    Taiso practice and risk of functional disability and dementia among older adults in Japan: The JAGES cohort study

    SSM - population health

Lubben Social Network Scale-6

downin humans1OR 2.08

1 study

  1. Lubben Social Network Scale-6 is associated with calisthenics in humans (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.18-3.68).

    “performing calisthenics twice a week than the group with the maintained pattern [2.08 (1.18-3.68)].”

    Humansduring the COVID-19 pandemic3 years

    Three-year trajectories of social networks, face-to-face interactions, and non-face-to-face interactions among community-dwelling older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: Otassha study

    Maturitas

More on Lubben Social Network Scale-6

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