4-galactosylkojibiose

1 paper3 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

1 lab in 1 country

3 of 3 findings with company ties

Model organisms1

Outcomes

Heat shock response and chaperones

upin flies1

1 study

4-galactosylkojibiose activates heat shock response and chaperones in flies.
“RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of gene groups associated with longevity in both the 4-GK and FOS treatment groups, particularly genes encoding heat shock proteins.”
Model organisms
4-Galactosylkojibiose Extends the Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
Nutrients12 Feb 2026

More on Heat shock response and chaperones

Sleep

downin flies1

1 study

4-galactosylkojibiose decreases sleep in flies.
“4-GK alone without sucrose decreased sleep compared to sucrose alone.”
Model organismswithout sucrose
4-Galactosylkojibiose Extends the Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
Nutrients12 Feb 2026

Lifespan

upin flies1

1 study

4-galactosylkojibiose extends lifespan in flies.
“both 4-GK and FOS extended lifespan, with 4-GK showing comparable or numerically greater efficacy than FOS.”
Model organisms
4-Galactosylkojibiose Extends the Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
Nutrients12 Feb 2026

Latest

1 in 12 months

Nutrients27 Feb