Moderate or worse hearing impairment

Indigenous status is associated with moderate or worse hearing impairment in humans (9.4% versus 3.2%; almost three-fold higher).

“Among younger Indigenous participants, moderate or worse hearing impairment was almost three-fold higher than in similarly aged non-Indigenous participants”

HumansIndigenous versus similarly aged non-Indigenous Australians

Prevalence of vision and hearing impairment in Australia: a nationally representative survey of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and older

The Lancet. Global health·30 Jun 2026