1 paper3 findings
Life expectancy
downin humans1
Cardiovascular-liver-metabolic syndemic decreases life expectancy in humans (6.9 fewer years (95% CI 6.6–7.2)).
“The CLM syndemic was associated with 6.9 (95% CI 6.6–7.2) and 9.5 (95% CI 8.2–10.6) fewer years of life expectancy, respectively.”
Humansco-occurrence of CVD, MASLD, T2DM, and obesity
Four coexisting conditions linked to lower life expectancy
BMC medicine11 Oct 2026
Cardiovascular disease mortality
upin humans1
Cardiovascular-liver-metabolic syndemic raises the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in humans (sHR 8.39 (95% CI 7.51–9.38)).
“with the strongest association for CVD mortality (UK Biobank: sHR 8.39 [95% CI 7.51–9.38]”
Humansco-occurrence of CVD, MASLD, T2DM, and obesity
Four coexisting conditions linked to lower life expectancy
BMC medicine11 Oct 2026
Mortality
upin humans1HR 3.58
Cardiovascular-liver-metabolic syndemic raises the risk of mortality in humans (HR 3.58 (95% CI 3.42–3.74)).
“The CLM syndemic was associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality (UK Biobank: HR 3.58 [95% CI 3.42–3.74]”
Humansco-occurrence of CVD, MASLD, T2DM, and obesity
Four coexisting conditions linked to lower life expectancy
BMC medicine11 Oct 2026
At age 50, UK Biobank participants with all four conditions had 6.9 fewer years of estimated life expectancy than those with none.At age 50, UK Biobank participants with all four conditions had 6.9 fewer years of estimated life expectancy than those with none.