Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier

1. Older age decreases water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier in humans (p=0.021).

   “Older individuals showed reduced whole-brain Kw (p=0.021)”

   Humanswhole-brainn = 30

   Multimodal MRI Insights into Glymphatic Clearance and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Healthy Aging

   bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·1 Dec 2025Preprint

1. Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier is associated with diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space index in humans (β=0.402×10−2, p=0.022).

   “Kw associated with both DTI-ALPS (β=0.402×10 −2 , p=0.022)”

   Humansbrainn = 30

   Multimodal MRI Insights into Glymphatic Clearance and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Healthy Aging

   bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·1 Dec 2025Preprint

More on Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space index

1. Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier is associated with cognitive function in humans.

   “BBB kw was only moderately associated with neuropsychological performance.”

   Humansn = 40

   Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier is associated with CSF amyloid-β 42 in healthy older adults

   Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·5 May 2021

1. Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier is associated with amyloid-beta 42 in humans.

   “In multiple brain regions, BBB kw was positively associated with CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42 concentration levels.”

   Humansbrainn = 40

   Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier is associated with CSF amyloid-β 42 in healthy older adults

   Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·5 May 2021

More on Amyloid-beta 42