Sway energy

1. Somatosensory stimulation foot orthoses decrease sway energy in humans (p = 0.018 and p = 0.043).

   “SSFO significantly reduced sway energy during toes-up perturbations compared to FFO (p = 0.018) and toes-down perturbations compared to PFO (p = 0.043).”

   Human trialtoes-up vs FFO and toes-down vs PFO

   3D-printed foot orthoses with customized somatosensory stimulation knobs enhance balance and stability in older adults

   Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA·7 Jul 2026

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