Slow oscillation density

1. Insomnia disorder is associated with slow oscillation density in humans.

   “INS primarily reduced spindle and SO density, while sex accounted for differences in SWA.”

   HumansNREM sleep; insomnia compared with healthy sleepers, accounting for ageOne nightBothsn = 222

   Beyond Aging, Sex and Insomnia Disorder Shape NREM Brain Oscillations

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·19 Mar 2026Preprint

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