Reachable workspace relative surface area

1. Spencer technique increases reachable workspace relative surface area in humans.

   “Total RSA significantly increased from baseline to post-therapy and 1-month follow-up in both dominant and nondominant upper extremities”

   Human trialCommunity-dwelling older adults with shoulder mobility limitations; uncontrolled comparison with baselineDominant and nondominant upper extremitiesTwice weeklyTwo weeks of therapy; 1-month follow-upn = 15

   Sensor-Based Reachable Workspace Assessment for Tracking Upper-Extremity Mobility Changes over Time Following the Spencer Technique in Older Adults

   Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·6 Oct 2026

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