Hydroxyapatite magnesium content

1. Age is associated with hydroxyapatite magnesium content in humans (r=0.37 in TED; r=0.43 in controls; p<0.05).

   “in both groups, the content of Mg2+ cations in bone tissue hydroxyapatite increased with age”

   Humansthyroid eye disease and cadaveric control groupsgreater wing of the sphenoid bone

   Changes in the mineral composition of orbital bones in thyroid disease

   Vestnik oftalmologii·1 Jan 2026

1. Thyroid eye disease is associated with hydroxyapatite magnesium content in humans (0.16 vs 0.19 formula units; p<0.05).

   “the content of Mg2+ cations in the hydroxyapatite of the GWS was significantly lower than in the control group”

   Humansthyroid eye disease versus cadaveric controlsgreater wing of the sphenoid bone

   Changes in the mineral composition of orbital bones in thyroid disease

   Vestnik oftalmologii·1 Jan 2026

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