HA+ IgG+ cells

Biomarker1 paper1 finding

Human trial1

Interventions

1

Estradiol

upin human cells1Low certainty

1 study

Estradiol increases HA+ IgG+ cells in human cells.
Cellsfemales
Sex and age differences in antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccination are mediated by estrogenic upregulation of NF-κB and TNF signaling in B cells · mBio · 10 Sep 2026

Latest

1

mBioHuman trial10 Sep

Sex and age differences in antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccination are mediated by estrogenic upregulation of NF-κB and TNF signaling in B cells

Sex hormone signalling (oestrogen, androgen)