BOLD response latency to respiratory variation and CO2

Younger age is associated with BOLD response latency to respiratory variation and CO2 in humans.

“younger adults exhibited stronger HR-BOLD coupling in white matter, as well as a more rapid BOLD response to RV and CO2 in gray matter.”

Humansgray matter

The physiological component of the BOLD signal: Impact of age and heart rate variability biofeedback training

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·7 Aug 2025