Acid-Responsive Nanobot-Integrated Core-Shell Microneedles Reprogram the Degenerative Annulus Fibrosus Microenvironment Through Epigenetic Suppression of Ferroptosis

Abstract

Annulus fibrosus (AF) rupture is a key structural event in intervertebral disc degeneration, but effective repair is hindered by the acidic, hypoxic and oxidative microenvironment of the avascular disc.

The paper