Association of the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value-to-Albumin Ratio as a Novel Cardiovascular Disease Predictor in Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Objectives : Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) integrates circulating neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes but does not capture albumin-related nutritional and inflammatory reserve.

The paper