Challenges of Using Circulating Tumour DNA: Insights from Advanced Prostate Cancer

Precision oncology relies on integrating tumour fraction, variant allele frequency, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential assessment, pathogenicity, and clinical context into next-generation sequencing interpretation, enabling biologically informed and clinically meaningful treatment decisions while reducing the risk of overinterpreting nontumour or nonactionable genomic alterations.