Global, regional, and national burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis integrating the Global Burden of Disease 2021 and Mendelian randomization

International Journal of Surgery

The paper

Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University

International Journal of Surgery · 11 May 2026

doi.org/10.1097/js9.0000000000005043PubMed 42682355