Consumption of ultraprocessed foods : key factors and challenges

Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) play an increasingly important role in modern diets and are associated with a higher risk of chronic illnesses. This article introduces the Nova classification system and evaluates the socioeconomic factors that influence the consumption of UPFs. The individual, socioeconomic, environmental, cultural, and political factors that shape eating habits are also explored. In addition, the other factors influencing UPF eating habits, such as increased availability, affordability, convenience, and marketing strategies, are described. Despite some conflicting scientific evidence and the limitations of the Nova classification system, a systematic approach-including education, the promotion of a healthy food culture, and regulatory measures-is required to reduce UPF consumption and help prevent chronic illnesses.