ICOPE-PROM: Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for integrated care in older Chinese adults

OBJECTIVE: To develop a comprehensive, patient-centered patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for integrated care in older adults, assessing physical, psychological, and social outcomes. DESIGN: Guided by PROMs theory, this study developed and validated the ICOPE-PROM. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 436 older adults across 13 integrated care institutions in China. METHODS: A two-step approach was used: developing a pre-test version based on existing literature, followed by revising it to form the final version. Reliability and validity were assessed via expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS: The final scale includes three dimensions (physical, psychological, social), eight subdimensions, and 24 items. Cronbach's α exceeded 0.80, composite reliability was >0.90, and average variance extracted values >0.50. The scale met standards for structural, criterion-related, and convergent validity, with satisfactory model fit.