SIRT1 in Aging and Diseases

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase belonging to the sirtuin family, which regulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes through deacetylation of both histones in the nucleus and non-histone proteins in the cytosol. Accumulating evidence indicates that biological aging is associated with a marked decline in the expression and activation of SIRT1/SIRT1, which contributes to the onset and progression of various age-related diseases. Conversely, activation of SIRT1 has been shown to mitigate aging-associated cellular anomalies including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of SIRT1 in aging and age-associated diseases across various experimental models, and we also discuss current limitations in the field as well as potential future research direction.