Nutritional Influences on Brown and Beige Adipocyte: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms and Metabolic Implications

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue (beige fat) function as thermogenic organs, significantly influencing human metabolism through various mechanisms. Recent findings suggest that dietary nutrient supplementation targeting BAT offers innovative strategies for enhancing energy homeostasis and addressing metabolic diseases. Identifying the molecular mechanisms through which nutrition regulates the function of brown and beige adipocytes is essential for translating preclinical findings into clinical applications. This review initially delineates the physiological characteristics of BAT and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms underlying its metabolic functions and associated signaling pathways. Subsequently, we examine the impact of macronutrients, micronutrients, and nutritional stimulants on BAT functionality. Finally, we explore the therapeutic potential of refined dietary strategies as future approaches for managing metabolic disorders by targeting BAT. In conclusion, nutrient-focused dietary strategies can enhance BAT function and activity, thereby contributing to the modulation of metabolic disorders and the optimization of metabolic health.