Understanding the Role of Irisin in Longevity and Aging: A Narrative Review

Irisin is a protein resulting from a proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FND5). The ability of irisin to modulate adipocyte and control glucose metabolism in human metabolic diseases gave rise to the hypothesis that irisin could have a pivotal role in aging-related diseases. Although in animal models, increased levels of irisin have been positively associated with better health outcomes, in humans, its role remains controversial. To provide an overview of the main finding on irisin in older adults, a comprehensive search was performed through the MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies conducted in older adults (≥60 years) published since 2012. After grouping and analyzing the articles based on diseases associated with older adults, the main conclusion of this narrative review is that the included studies did not yield consistent evidence regarding the association between irisin and health or disease in older adults. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effective role of this protein in promoting health and longevity.