Impact of caregiving on frailty in older spousal caregivers: A retrospective cohort study

Older spousal caregivers bear the dual burden of managing health changes and caring for their partners. This study aimed to investigate the association between spousal caregiving and frailty in older adults. A retrospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up was conducted using seven waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2018). The mean age of participants was 65.1 years. A significant correlation was found between spousal caregiving and frailty increase. Multilevel analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the changes in frailty index over 12 years between caregivers and non-caregivers. This study uncovered a significant association between spousal caregiving and frailty in older adults, suggesting that becoming a spousal caregiver is not only linked to higher levels of frailty but also accelerates its progression. Healthcare providers can tailor support services to assist caregivers in managing challenges and promoting healthy aging.