The impact of Bingocize® on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes in older adults: A scoping review protocol

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map the existing literature regarding Bingocize®, a socially engaging health promotion program that combines the game of bingo with exercise and health education. While Bingocize® is widely implemented in various care settings, the current body of research is highly heterogeneous, consisting of peer-reviewed journal articles, pilot feasibility studies, qualitative case reports, and unpublished gray literature such as student theses. This review aims to explore the breadth and extent of this evidence, identify how the program is being implemented (e.g., mobile app vs. paper-based), and categorize the various outcome measures used to assess its efficacy. Background and Rationale: Older adults often face barriers to physical activity adherence. Bingocize® was developed to address this by incorporating social play. However, much of the existing research originates from the program’s developers or specific institutional repositories, and many studies lack the experimental rigor (such as control groups or large sample sizes) required for high-level clinical evidence. By conducting a scoping review, we will formally identify these methodological gaps and analyze the "state of the science" for this intervention. Expected Outcomes: The primary outcome of this research will be a comprehensive map of the Bingocize® literature, organized by participant demographics, delivery settings (community-dwelling vs. long-term care), and outcome categories (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial). Specifically, this review will: (1) Document the range of study designs currently available, including the prevalence of non-experimental and gray literature. (2) Identify which specific functional and cognitive measures are most frequently utilized and which lack robust data. (3) Provide a clear evidence-based justification for the design and implementation of future independent clinical control trials.