Vitamin B12 deficiency

1. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment in humans.

   “Low B12 levels are consistently associated with cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, balance disturbances, gait disorders, sarcopenia, and frailty.”

   Review

   Vitamin B12 deficiency among older adults and its associations with geriatric syndromes

   Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care·22 Oct 2025

More on Cognitive impairment

1. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with frailty in humans.

   “Low B12 levels are consistently associated with cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, balance disturbances, gait disorders, sarcopenia, and frailty.”

   Review

   Vitamin B12 deficiency among older adults and its associations with geriatric syndromes

   Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care·22 Oct 2025