Visual impairment

1. Visual impairment decreases cognitive recovery in humans (HR 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72-0.86)).

   Humanstransition from CIND to normal cognition, compared with no sensory impairment

   Sensory impairment and cognitive-state transitions in middle-aged and older adults: a multistate Markov analysis of the health and retirement study · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 7 Sep 2026

1. Visual impairment raises the risk of cognitive impairment no dementia in humans (HR 1.18 (95% CI, 1.10-1.27)).

   Humanscompared with no sensory impairment

   Sensory impairment and cognitive-state transitions in middle-aged and older adults: a multistate Markov analysis of the health and retirement study · Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 7 Sep 2026

Cognitive impairment no dementia →