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Stretching-and-toning

Stretching-and-toning has been studied in 8 papers since 2017: 8 trials in people. The newest paper, Jan 1, 2025: “Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose-Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention”.

Intervention

8 papers study it3 findingsUpdated

See all 8

“The averaged cerebrovascular impedance modulus (Z) in this frequency range decreased after 1-yr AET [from 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) to 0.95 (0.92 to 1.06) mmHg·s·cm−1, P = 0.023], but not SAT”
Aerobic exercise training reduces cerebrovascular impedance in older adults: a 1-year randomized controlled trialJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2022doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00241.2022

None of its findings points the other way.

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

  • 1 lab in 1 country
  • Funders: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and 4 more
  • Human trial8

What did studies of Stretching-and-toning find?

2

Studies of Stretching-and-toning measured 2 outcomes; the most studied are hippocampal volume loss (1 study) and cerebrovascular impedance (1).

Hippocampal volume loss

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Stretching-and-toning decreases hippocampal volume loss in humans.

    “A significant interaction was observed for hippocampal volume, with reduced atrophy in the stretching (<0.001 %ICV, 95% CI −0.006 to 0.006, p=0.945) compared with the aerobic group (−0.009 %ICV, 95% CI −0.015 to −0.003, p=0.003).”

    Human trial12-monthn = 73

    Aerobic exercise training and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: A one-year randomized controlled trial

    Journal of internal medicine

  2. Stretching-and-toning decreases hippocampal volume loss in humans (p = 0.040 for interaction).

    “the reduction in hippocampal volume was smaller in the stretching group compared with the aerobic group (p = 0.040 for interaction).”

    Human trialcompared with aerobic exercisehippocampus1 year

    Aerobic exercise training and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: A one-year randomized controlled trial

    Journal of internal medicine

Cerebrovascular impedance

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Stretching-and-toning has no effect on cerebrovascular impedance in humans (from 0.96 (0.87 to 1.04) to 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10) mmHg·s·cm−1, P = 0.138).

    “The averaged cerebrovascular impedance modulus (Z) in this frequency range decreased after 1-yr AET [from 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) to 0.95 (0.92 to 1.06) mmHg·s·cm−1, P = 0.023], but not SAT”

    Human trial1 yrn = 73

    Aerobic exercise training reduces cerebrovascular impedance in older adults: a 1-year randomized controlled trial

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

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