Immune stimulation

1. Immune stimulation has no effect on lifespan in T. molitor (∼2% variance explained).

   “survival under food limitation was only weakly affected by immune treatment (∼2% variance explained)”

   Model organismsfood limitationfemales

   Age modifies metabolic but not survival responses to immune challenge in female yellow mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor)

   Journal of insect physiology·30 Apr 2026

1. Immune stimulation increases metabolic rate in T. molitor (explaining approximately 30% of the variance).

   “Immune stimulation elevated metabolic rate, with treatment explaining approximately 30% of the variance in log-transformed metabolic responses”

   Model organismsfood limitationfemales

   Age modifies metabolic but not survival responses to immune challenge in female yellow mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor)

   Journal of insect physiology·30 Apr 2026

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