Esketamine

1. Esketamine has no effect on time in the target quadrant in mice (-0.40s (95% CI, -4.35 to 3.55)).

   Animalstibial fracture-induced PNDhippocampuspostoperative day 14males

   Esketamine Attenuates Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Aged Mice: Associations with Bioenergetic Remodeling in Hippocampal CD11b-Enriched Cell Fractions and Glycolysis-Related Signaling · Drug design, development and therapy · 25 Aug 2026

1. Esketamine decreases glycolysis in mice.

   Animalstibial fracture-induced PNDhippocampal CD11b-enriched cell fractions24 hmales

   Esketamine Attenuates Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Aged Mice: Associations with Bioenergetic Remodeling in Hippocampal CD11b-Enriched Cell Fractions and Glycolysis-Related Signaling · Drug design, development and therapy · 25 Aug 2026

Glycolysis →

1. Esketamine protects against synaptic ultrastructure in mice.

   Animalstibial fracture-induced PNDhippocampusmales

   Esketamine Attenuates Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Aged Mice: Associations with Bioenergetic Remodeling in Hippocampal CD11b-Enriched Cell Fractions and Glycolysis-Related Signaling · Drug design, development and therapy · 25 Aug 2026

1. Esketamine decreases IL-1β in mice.

   Animalstibial fracture-induced PNDhippocampus24 hmales

   Esketamine Attenuates Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Aged Mice: Associations with Bioenergetic Remodeling in Hippocampal CD11b-Enriched Cell Fractions and Glycolysis-Related Signaling · Drug design, development and therapy · 25 Aug 2026

IL-1β →

1. Esketamine improves spatial learning and memory in mice.

   Animalspostoperative neurocognitive disorder induced by tibial fracturehippocampusmales

   Esketamine Attenuates Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Aged Mice: Associations with Bioenergetic Remodeling in Hippocampal CD11b-Enriched Cell Fractions and Glycolysis-Related Signaling · Drug design, development and therapy · 25 Aug 2026