Cycling + electrical muscle stimulation

1. Cycling + electrical muscle stimulation improves vascular endothelial function in humans.

   “LC with EMS applied to the lower limbs can more markedly improve vascular endothelial function.”

   Human trialcompared with LC without EMS8 weeksmales

   Effects of endurance training comprising cycling and electrical muscle stimulation of the lower limbs on vessel endothelial function

   Research Square·31 Aug 2026Preprint

1. Cycling + electrical muscle stimulation improves flow-mediated vasodilation in humans.

   “flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) at the brachial artery increased significantly in the C and LC+EMS groups.”

   Human trialapplied to the lower limbs8 weeksmalesn = 14

   Effects of endurance training comprising cycling and electrical muscle stimulation of the lower limbs on vessel endothelial function

   Research Square·31 Aug 2026Preprint

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