Subthreshold parkinsonism

1. Subthreshold parkinsonism impairs global cognition in humans (z-score estimate: -0.33).

   “Subthreshold parkinsonism was associated with reduced performance in perceptual speed (z-score estimate: -0.51), language (-0.36), executive function (-0.36) and global cognition (-0.33).”

   Humans

   Parkinsonian signs and cognitive trajectories in older adults: a population-based longitudinal study

   Age and ageing·Jun 1, 2026

1. Subthreshold parkinsonism is associated with dementia in humans (46% of incident dementia cases).

   “During follow-up, 18% of participants developed dementia; of these, 46% had subthreshold parkinsonism and 26% parkinsonism at baseline.”

   Humansmean of 2.67 (0-9) years

   Parkinsonian signs and cognitive trajectories in older adults: a population-based longitudinal study

   Age and ageing·Jun 1, 2026

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