Pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm

1. Irregular chest pain is associated with pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in humans (aOR 0.709, 95% CI 0.573-0.877).

   Humansoverall multivariable logistic regression model

   Beyond smoking status: risk factors for pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in a Chinese community screening program

   Frontiers in medicine·22 Jul 2026

1. Smoking lowers the risk of pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in humans (aOR 0.619, 95% CI 0.503-0.762).

   Humanscompared to never smokers in overall multivariable model

   Beyond smoking status: risk factors for pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in a Chinese community screening program

   Frontiers in medicine·22 Jul 2026

More on Smoking

1. Former smoking lowers the risk of pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in humans (aOR 0.742, 95% CI 0.593-0.928).

   Humanscompared to never smokers in overall multivariable model

   Beyond smoking status: risk factors for pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in a Chinese community screening program

   Frontiers in medicine·22 Jul 2026

More on Former smoking

1. Passive smoking raises the risk of pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in humans (aOR 1.257, 95% CI 1.056-1.496).

   Humansoverall multivariable logistic regression model

   Beyond smoking status: risk factors for pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm in a Chinese community screening program

   Frontiers in medicine·22 Jul 2026

More on Passive smoking