Human immunodeficiency virus 1

1. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 decreases total hip bone mineral density in humans (-0.034 g/cm2, p = 0.041).

   “and 0.034 g/cm2 lower TH BMD (p = 0.041) compared to women without HIV.”

   Humanscompared to women without HIVfemales

   Prevalence of and risk factors for vertebral fracture and low bone mineral density among Peruvian women aging with HIV

   Archives of osteoporosis·May 10, 2023

More on Total hip bone mineral density

1. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 decreases femoral neck bone mineral density in humans (-0.032 g/cm2, p = 0.012).

   “Propensity score matching revealed that women living with HIV had 0.032 g/cm2 lower FN BMD (p = 0.012)”

   Humanscompared to women without HIVfemales

   Prevalence of and risk factors for vertebral fracture and low bone mineral density among Peruvian women aging with HIV

   Archives of osteoporosis·May 10, 2023

More on Femoral neck bone mineral density

1. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 decreases DNAmTL in humans (nearly 3-fold faster).

   “Shortening of DNAmTL was nearly 3-fold faster in PLWH than controls.”

   Humansuntreated HIV infection prior to HAARTperipheral blood mononuclear cellsmales

   Increased Rate of Epigenetic Aging in Men Living With HIV Prior to Treatment

   Frontiers in genetics·Feb 28, 2022

More on DNAmTL

1. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 increases epigenetic regulation of gene expression in humans (approximately twice as fast).

   “Epigenetic age increased approximately twice as fast in PLWH as uninfected controls (Pan-tissue, Extrinsic, and Phenotypic clocks).”

   Humansuntreated HIV infection prior to HAARTperipheral blood mononuclear cellsmales

   Increased Rate of Epigenetic Aging in Men Living With HIV Prior to Treatment

   Frontiers in genetics·Feb 28, 2022

More on Epigenetic regulation of gene expression

1. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 raises the risk of vertebral fracture in humans (12.5% vs 6.2%).

   “Among the 88 women living with HIV and 178 women living without HIV who obtained thoracolumbar X-rays, 12.5% and 6.2%, respectively, had at least one VF.”

   Humanslong-standing ARTfemales

   Prevalence of and risk factors for vertebral fracture and low bone mineral density among Peruvian women aging with HIV

   Archives of osteoporosis·May 10, 2023

More on Vertebral fracture