NNAL

1. NNAL is associated with osteoarthritis in humans (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.36-1.76).

   “urinary NNAL concentrations >0.077925 ng/mL were associated with greater odds of OA (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.36-1.76)”

   Humansurinary NNAL concentrations >0.077925 ng/mL, fully adjusted model

   Association between urinary NNAL concentrations and osteoarthritis: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2012 · Tobacco induced diseases · 23 Sep 2026

Osteoarthritis →