Motor unit firing rate modulation

Female sex is associated with motor unit firing rate modulation in humans.

“Females also demonstrated a steeper decline in firing rate modulation between MA and OLD.”

Humansage-related differences compared between sexesvastus lateralisfemale versus males

Motor unit behaviour adaptations across the lifespan: sex differences in young, middle-aged and old adults

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·22 Dec 2025Preprint

Older age is associated with motor unit firing rate modulation in humans.

“older adults had lower firing rates and a reduced capacity to modulate discharge frequency during force-increasing contractions.”

Humansforce-increasing contractionsvastus lateralis

Motor unit behaviour adaptations across the lifespan: sex differences in young, middle-aged and old adults

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·22 Dec 2025Preprint