CES-D-11

1. CES-D-11 raises the risk of metabolic syndrome in humans (OR: 1.89, 95% CI, 1.44-2.48).

   Humanssecond tertile (5-7) vs first tertile (0-4)5 yearsn = 2,969

   The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged Japanese Workers: A longitudinal Study from Aichi Workers' Cohort · Journal of epidemiology · 5 Sep 2026

Metabolic syndrome →