Augmenting β 2 -Adrenergic Signaling During Exercise to Enhance Antitumor Immune Function

Exercise is emerging as a powerful adjuvant therapy during cancer treatment, partly due to its immunomodulatory effects. However, the moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise required for optimal immune-boosting effects is a barrier for many patients. β1 -selective blockade may bias β2 -adrenergic signaling to amplify immune responses at lower exercise intensities, offering a clinically feasible strategy for all cancer patients.