Vaping

1. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome is associated with vaping in humans.

   Humansadvanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage (i.e., 4) compared to lower stages (i.e., 0, 1)n = 538,123

   Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Health Risk Behaviors in U.S. Adults · AJPM focus · 15 Jul 2026

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome →