(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester has been studied in 1 paper since 2026: 1 trial in people; 1 in the past year. The newest paper, Nov 1, 2026: “(R)-1,3-butanediol (S)-lactate ester improves insulin sensitivity, modulates appetite hormones, and reduces urea excretion: a randomized controlled crossover trial in adults with obesity”.
1 paper studies it6 findingsUpdated
1 new paper in 30 daysSee all 1 papers on (r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester
At a glance
The findings reach people, from one lab or study. 1 lab in 1 country.
“Compared with placebo, LaKe increased βHB and lactate concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity by 28%”
None of its findings points the other way.
- 1 lab in 1 country
- Funders: Hartmann Foundation and 2 more
- Human trial1
Studies in people
1 study gave (r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester to people and measured what changed.
| What changed | Design | People | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
up: Improves whole-body insulin sensitivity28% improvement; M-value difference 1.00 mg/kg lean body mass/min (95% CI 0.28–1.72) up: Increases glucagon-like peptide-1 down: Decreases gastric emptying | Randomized trial28 days followed by acute dosing | 10 peopleBothadultsAdults with obesity | The American journal of clinical nutrition, Nov 1, 2026 |
What did studies of (r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester find?
6Studies of (r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester measured 6 outcomes, among them body weight, urea excretion rate and lipolysis.
Body weight
no changein humans1
1 study
Body weight
no changein humans1
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester showed no clear effect on body weight in humans (adults with obesity; compared with placebo).
“Body weight was not affected by interventions”
Human trialadults with obesity; compared with placebo28 daysn = 10
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Urea excretion rate
downin humans1
1 study
Urea excretion rate
downin humans1
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester decreases urea excretion rate in humans (adults with obesity; compared with placebo).
“and decreased urea excretion rate (P = 0.037).”
Human trialadults with obesity; compared with placebo28 days followed by acute dosing; excretion measured over 3 hoursn = 10
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Lipolysis
downin humans1
1 study
Lipolysis
downin humans1
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester decreases lipolysis in humans (adults with obesity; compared with placebo).
“LaKe consumption increased glucagon-like peptide-1, lowered ghrelin concentrations, delayed gastric emptying, reduced lipolysis (all P < 0.001)”
Human trialadults with obesity; compared with placebo28 days followed by acute dosingn = 10
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Gastric emptying
downin humans1
1 study
Gastric emptying
downin humans1
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester decreases gastric emptying in humans (adults with obesity; compared with placebo).
“LaKe consumption increased glucagon-like peptide-1, lowered ghrelin concentrations, delayed gastric emptying”
Human trialadults with obesity; compared with placebostomach28 days followed by acute dosingn = 10
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Glucagon-like peptide-1
upin humans1
1 study
Glucagon-like peptide-1
upin humans1
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester increases glucagon-like peptide-1 in humans (adults with obesity; compared with placebo).
“LaKe consumption increased glucagon-like peptide-1, lowered ghrelin concentrations”
Human trialadults with obesity; compared with placebo28 days followed by acute dosingn = 10
The American journal of clinical nutrition
Whole-body insulin sensitivity
upin humans1
1 study
Whole-body insulin sensitivity
upin humans1
(r)-1,3-butanediol (s)-lactate ester improves whole-body insulin sensitivity in humans (adults with obesity; compared with placebo) (28% improvement; M-value difference 1.00 mg/kg lean body mass/min (95% CI 0.28–1.72)).
“Compared with placebo, LaKe increased βHB and lactate concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity by 28%”
Human trialadults with obesity; compared with placebo25 mL (27.75 g) twice daily, followed by an additional dose28 days followed by acute dosingn = 10
The American journal of clinical nutrition