Leisure exercise

1. Leisure exercise lowers the risk of depressive symptoms in humans (OR 0.790, 95% CI 0.636–0.981).

   “leisure exercise in offline activity (OR = 0.790, 95%CI: 0.636–0.981) was negatively associated with depressive symptoms among urban residents”

   Humansurban residentsn = 14,592

   Association between social activity participation and rural-urban difference in depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China: a Fairlie decomposition analysis

   BMC public health·Apr 30, 2026

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