Background noise

2 papers3 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

2 independent labs in 2 countries

Humans2

Outcomes

Working memory

downin humans1

1 study

Background noise impairs working memory in humans.
“significant reductions in backward and operation span performance appearing in the 35-40 age group, especially under noisy conditions”
Humansunder noisy conditions
Early working memory changes under auditory load: A predictor of speech-in-noise perception in younger adults
Perception16 Dec 2025

Aperiodic offset

downin humans1

1 study

Background noise decreases aperiodic offset in humans.
“offset was reduced with increasing noise”
Humansspeech comprehension in noisebrainn = 48
Aperiodic neural activity during speech comprehension in aging: Insights into cognitive effort
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience11 Nov 2025