Mild to moderate hyponatremia

1. Mild to moderate hyponatremia is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation in humans (HR 2.258, 95% CI 1.321–3.862).

   HumansHypertension without prior atrial fibrillation; blood sodium ≥125 and <135 mmol/L versus ≥135 and ≤145 mmol/L; adjusted for other risk factorsMedian follow-up 8.1(5.6,9.7) yearsn = 895

   Effect of mild to moderate hyponatremia on new-onset atrial fibrillation in older patients with hypertension

   Chinese Journal of Geriatric Heart Brain and Vessel Diseases·15 Sep 2026

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