Retinal biological age deviations

Retinal biological age deviations are associated with cardiometabolic risk in humans.

“Analysis of age deviations in a real-world clinical cohort (n = 46,369) revealed non-linear associations with cardiometabolic risk and population heterogeneity in aging patterns.”

Humansreal-world clinical cohortretinan = 46,369

Disentangling physiological heterogeneity in retinal aging using a deep learning–based biological age framework

medRxiv·16 Feb 2026Preprint