Higuchi fractal dimension

1. Age increases Higuchi fractal dimension in humans.

   “During BL, HFD increased with age for frequencies up to 150 Hz but surprisingly showed an opposite trend at higher frequencies.”

   Humansbaseline eyes open state, frequencies up to 150 Hzn = 217

   Changes in Higuchi Fractal Dimension Across Age in Healthy Human EEG Are Anticorrelated With Changes in Oscillatory Power and 1/f Slope

   The European journal of neuroscience·Jul 1, 2025

1. Higuchi fractal dimension is associated with oscillatory power in humans.

   “Further, stimulus-related changes in HFD were anticorrelated with the changes in oscillatory power.”

   Humansstimulus-related changesn = 217

   Changes in Higuchi Fractal Dimension Across Age in Healthy Human EEG Are Anticorrelated With Changes in Oscillatory Power and 1/f Slope

   The European journal of neuroscience·Jul 1, 2025

More on Oscillatory power

1. Non-ceruloplasmin copper is associated with Higuchi fractal dimension in humans.

   “elevated levels of non-ceruloplasmin copper appear to accelerate the reduction of neural activity complexity.”

   HumansAlzheimer's disease; higher non-ceruloplasmin copperbrainn = 67

   Electroencephalographic Fractal Dimension in Healthy Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

   PloS one·Feb 12, 2016

More on Non-ceruloplasmin copper

1. Higuchi fractal dimension is associated with cognitive impairment in humans.

   “In AD, brain activity complexity is further reduced in correlation with cognitive impairment.”

   HumansAlzheimer's disease; reduced brain activity complexitybrainn = 67

   Electroencephalographic Fractal Dimension in Healthy Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

   PloS one·Feb 12, 2016

1. Alzheimer's disease is associated with Higuchi fractal dimension in humans.

   “AD patients demonstrated reduced HFD compared to age- and education-matched healthy controls, especially in temporal-occipital regions.”

   Humanscompared with age- and education-matched healthy controlsbrain, especially temporal-occipital regionsn = 67

   Electroencephalographic Fractal Dimension in Healthy Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

   PloS one·Feb 12, 2016

More on Alzheimer's disease

1. Age is associated with Higuchi fractal dimension in humans (Inverted U-shaped relationship; R2 = .575, p < .001).

   “The HFD measure showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with age in healthy people (R2 = .575, p < .001).”

   Humanshealthy controlsbrainn = 41

   Electroencephalographic Fractal Dimension in Healthy Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease

   PloS one·Feb 12, 2016