CD14+OCN+ monocytes
Biomarker1 paper3 findings
- Human trial1
Interventions
3EXENDIN-4
no changein human cells1−8.5%Very low certainty
1 study
EXENDIN-4
no changein human cells1−8.5%Very low certainty
EXENDIN-4 has no effect on CD14+OCN+ monocytes in human cells (-8.5%).
Cells24 hn = 10
Modulation of circulating osteocalcin-expressing monocytes by glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory pilot study · Acta diabetologica · 21 Sep 2026
Metformin
downin human cells1−35%Very low certainty
1 study
Metformin
downin human cells1−35%Very low certainty
Metformin decreases CD14+OCN+ monocytes in human cells (-34.9%).
Cells24 hn = 10
Modulation of circulating osteocalcin-expressing monocytes by glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory pilot study · Acta diabetologica · 21 Sep 2026
GLP-1 receptor agonists
downin humans1Very low certainty
1 study
GLP-1 receptor agonists
downin humans1Very low certainty
GLP-1 receptor agonists decrease CD14+OCN+ monocytes in humans (baseline 4.5 [2.5-7.6] to 2.2 [1.73-4.9]%).
Human trialadd-on to metformin12 weeksn = 7
Modulation of circulating osteocalcin-expressing monocytes by glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory pilot study · Acta diabetologica · 21 Sep 2026